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2011年11月，由北京故宫博物院、中国古陶瓷学会、福建省文物局、德化县人民政府共同主办的“2011中国瓷都・德化窑学术研讨会”在瓷都德化举办，近百位国内外博物馆馆长、从事陶瓷文化研究的专家学者齐聚瓷都德化，以“中国白的故乡、瓷艺术的摇篮”为主题，共同研讨深厚的德化窑陶瓷文化。

研讨会共提交专题论文39篇，其中不乏外国专家的作品。与会的专家学者以翔实的图文史料为佐证，从学术专业的角度对德化窑在国内外陶瓷文化领域的历史地位和影响做了全面深刻的阐述，是一笔难得的、丰硕的学术成果。

近期，《外国人眼中的“中国白”》栏目将再次回顾刊载该研讨会的相关论文，并对其中的论文进行翻译，为广大德化陶瓷文化研究爱好者提供学习、交流、参考。

宋元时期中国远程贸易的德化瓷在泰国南部塞丁普拉遗址的发现（三）

Dehua Ceramics in Long-distance Trade in the Song- Yuan period: 

excavations at Satingpra, South Thailand（三）

Janice Stargardt  翻译：孙延燕

The oldest imported objects found at Satingpra belong to the 4th century and predate the emergence of fully urbanised forms of settlement and the construction of these shipping canals. They are Roman glass of the late imperial period and are part of a maritime trade linking the Roman provinces of the eastern Mediterranean, such as Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Israel with India, Sri Lanka, Thailand,Vietnam and China. The Roman artefacts of glass and bornze found along this vast trade network included coins, lamps, figurines, flagons, bottles and bowls.

塞丁普拉发现的最古老的进口物品追溯到4世纪，早于完全城市化定居形式的出现和这些运河的建设。它们是晚期帝国时期的罗马玻璃，是连接东地中海罗马行省比如埃及、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、以色列与印度、斯里兰卡、泰国、越南、中国的海上贸易的一部分。在这个庞大的贸易网络中，发现了罗马的玻璃和青铜制品，包括硬币，灯，雕像、酒壶，酒瓶和碗。

The glass and ceramic finds in the palace of Satingpra listed in Table below represent units of 10 finds in sample excavated areas of 100x100x20cm. Thus in the 4th century imported Mediterranean glass was rare. By the 6th century, there was a small but significant presence of imported terra cotta from Cambodia(Fig. 5). During the 10th century, this situation changed fundamentally with the first appearance of Chinese imported ceramics from the Ou(Fig 8), Jingdezhen and Dehua(Fig 9)kilns. Chinese ceramics were to become very numerous in the following centuries. Later in this paper, I present a graph(Fig. 14) showing the firm identifications that have been made among white-bodied Chinese ceramics with similar appearance, on the basis of differences in the chemical composition of their pastes. At the end of this paper I list the names and affiliations of the Chinese and English ceramics authorities to whom I am deeply indebted for expert guidance on the correct identity of the sherds excavated at Satingpra.

下表所列在塞丁普拉宫殿中发现的玻璃和陶瓷器，它们代表了在100x100x20厘米面积挖掘区域内的10单元样本。在4世纪进口的地中海玻璃是罕见的。到了公元6世纪，从柬埔寨进口的赤陶数量虽然不多，但影响深远(图5)。在10世纪，这种情况发生了根本性的变化，中国进口陶瓷首次出现瓯窑(图8) ，景德镇窑和德化窑(图9)。在接下来的几个世纪里，中国陶瓷器变得非常多。在本文后面的部分，我提供了一个图表(图14) ，显示了根据他们化学成份的差异所做出的关于外貌相似的中国陶瓷器之间的确认。在这篇文章的最后，我列出了中国和英国陶瓷当局和附属机构的名字，我非常感谢关于塞丁普拉出土的陶瓷碎片鉴定专业性的指导。

Looking at Table 1 in detail, it is clear that during the 10th century ceramics from the Ou and Jingdezhen kiln groups were more numerous at Satingpra than the Dehua specimens. During the early Northern Song, further changes in the repertoire of Chinese ceramics being traded to Satingpra occurred. Ou wares disappeared but were replaced by small green glazed unlidded bowls from Longquan Longquan wares at this period occurred in the sample areas in similar number to fine white incense holders and small bowls from the Jingdezhen kilns. Dehua ceramic sherds of similar quality to Jingdezhen wares.

细看表格1，可以清楚地看到，在10世纪，欧窑、景德镇窑的陶瓷比德化更多。在北宋初期，被买卖给塞丁普拉的中国瓷器与陶器发生了进一步的变化。这一时期，欧窑消失，取而代之的是龙泉窑小型绿釉无盖碗。龙泉窑此时的数量与景德镇窑炉中的精细白瓷香炉和小碗类似。德化陶瓷片，质量与景德镇陶瓷相似。

Table 1,Sherd count in Satingpra palace area,4th -13th century

表1，4-13世纪塞丁普拉发现的陶瓷碎片总数

Fig.4, fragment of Roman glass c.4th cent. dark blue and white, excavated at Satingpra

图4，在塞丁普拉挖掘的4世纪深色蓝白相间罗马玻璃碎片。

By the 6th to 7th century, ceramics imported from Cambodia were arriving at several sites along the east coast of southern Thailand, including Satingpra ( Fig. 5)

到公元六至七世纪，从柬埔寨进口的陶瓷已陆续抵达包括塞丁普拉在内的泰国南部东海岸的多个地点

Fig.5, unglazed terra cotta with beige or white slip and red lines around the neck.

Origin: pre-Angkorian Cambodia

图5，无釉赤陶，带米色或白色粉浆，颈部有红线