外国人眼中的“中国白”|宋元时期中国远程贸易的德化瓷在泰国南部塞丁普拉遗址的发现（五）

（作者：詹尼斯・斯达加特 翻译：孙延燕）

编者按：

2011年11月，由北京故宫博物院、中国古陶瓷学会、福建省文物局、德化县人民政府共同主办的“2011中国瓷都・德化窑学术研讨会”在瓷都德化举办，近百位国内外博物馆馆长、从事陶瓷文化研究的专家学者齐聚瓷都德化，以“中国白的故乡、瓷艺术的摇篮”为主题，共同研讨深厚的德化窑陶瓷文化。

研讨会共提交专题论文39篇，其中不乏外国专家的作品。与会的专家学者以翔实的图文史料为佐证，从学术专业的角度对德化窑在国内外陶瓷文化领域的历史地位和影响做了全面深刻的阐述，是一笔难得的、丰硕的学术成果。

近期，《外国人眼中的“中国白”》栏目将再次回顾刊载该研讨会的相关论文，并对其中的论文进行翻译，为广大德化陶瓷文化研究爱好者提供学习、交流、参考。

Dehua Ceramics in Long-distance Trade in the Song- Yuan period: 

excavations at Satingpra, South Thailand（五）

Janice Stargardt  翻译：孙延燕

The sequence of Chinese ceramics excavated at Satingpra will now be illustrated. As summarised above, it begins in the mid-10"century with Ou wares from Zhejiang Province. These fine-bodied wares had a pale grey paste with a thin pale green glaze (Fig 8). The sherds belonged to small bowls without lids.

现在将说明在塞丁普拉发掘的一系列中国陶瓷器的顺序。就如上面所述，它开始于10世纪中叶的浙江瓯窑。这些精美的器皿有淡灰色的胎体，上面有薄薄的淡绿色釉(图8)。属于没有盖子的小碗。

Fig 8, sherds of Ou wares from Zhejiang Province, mid-10th cent. excavated at Satingpra

图8，10世纪左右在塞丁普拉出土的浙江省欧窑的陶瓷碎片

Not long afterwards, in the early Northern Song, the first ceramics from the Dehua kiln group were imported into the Satingpra site. These ceramics represented a new morphology of lasting significance in the Satingpra sites: namely small lidded boxes with a fine white paste and transparent or bluish white glaze. They probably served as containers for high grade incense and were used both by the local elite and as prestigious gifts. As mentioned above, the same combination of high-grade incense and fine ceramic containers occurred also in China, where the Emperor used incenses of South East Asian origin as major diplomatic gifts.

不久之后，在北宋早期，德化窑群的第一批陶瓷进口到塞丁普拉遗址。这些陶瓷代表了一种具有持久意义的新形态：即透明或青白釉的精美白色胎体的带盖小盒。它们很可能是盛放高级香料的容器，被当地的精英们当作有声望地位的礼物使用。如上所述，同样的高品位的香料和精美的陶瓷容器的组合，也发生在中国，在那里皇帝使用东南亚原产香料作为主要的外交礼物。

Fig.9, fine white-bodied sherds from Dehua, lids and bases of small boxes

图9，德化精致的白胎陶瓷碎片，小瓷盒盖子和底座

As the examples in Fig. 10, Dehua ceramics from the Southern Song, show the morphology of Dehua ceramics remained unchanged throughout the record of imported wares at Satingpra: small incense holders and small lidded boxes continued to predominate. In this batch, several specimens had a creamy paste showing through the transparent glaze. But this probably reflected the kiln atmosphere not any chemical change in the paste.

正如图10所示，南宋德化窑陶瓷在塞丁普拉整个进口记录的形态学一如既往：即小香烛和小盖盒持续占有主导地位。在这一批样品中，几个样品的透明釉面呈现出奶油般的胎体，这可能反映了窑内的气氛没有任何化学变化。

Fig.10, fine cream and white-bodied Dehua sherds found at Satingpra, S.Song

图10，在塞丁普拉发现的南宋精美的奶油般白色胎体的德化陶瓷碎片

The lower part of a ceramic box on the lower right of Fig 10 displays the ribbing typical of Dehua in the Southern Song, while two other specimens reveal the fine lines of a raised vine pattern. One fragment of a small incense holder from Dehua has a foliated rim and a fine bluish-white glaze.图10右下方的陶瓷盒子下部显示了南宋德化窑典型的凸条纹，另外两个标本则显示了凸起的藤蔓图案的细线条。一个德化窑小型香炉的碎片有一个叶状的边缘和精美的青白釉色。